Ionic and covalent are the major types of chemical bonds. Matters around us are held together with the help of chemical bonds. Chemical reactions break these bonds, but the broken parts like atoms, ions/ molecules rejoin together as another molecule. We need the energy to create bonds as well as to break it. In this topic, we are going to learn about Ionic vs Covalent.
This bond is formed when two bonded atoms having opposite charges & varying electronegativity values, exchange electrons among them i.e. one atom transfers an electron to the other atom and the exchanged electron spends its time with the other atom. The atom that gave electron will have more protons and it will have a positive charge whereas the atom that gains an electron will have a negative charge. These types of bonding are called polar bond and in this compound, ions that lose electrons are called cations (metals) and the other ions that gain electrons are called anions (non-metals) and the compound neutralizes the positive charges of cations with negative gains of anions. An example of an ionic bond is chemical compounding between Sodium and Chloride that makes common salt NaCl. Sodium and Chloride having different electronegativity values when bonded will acquire a tendency to dissociate into ions in water. Sodium has 11 electrons and 11 protons and only one electron in outer shell whereas chloride has 17 protons and 17 electrons and 7 electrons in the outer shell. When they bond Sodium becomes Na+ and loses one electron to electronegative chloride which becomes Cl-. After the chemical reaction, in the bonded structure each sodium electron is surrounded by six chloride electrons.
Electrons are shared between bonded atoms and their electronegative values remain the same or nearly close. The outer shells where the electrons are shared become fully occupied. This type of bonding where electrons are shared equally is known as a non-polar bond. Mostly the shared electron is attracted to one atom and in such cases, it is known as a polar covalent bond. An example of this type of bond is Water (H2O) formed by a polar covalent bond. These bonds usually happen using two nonmetallic bonds and the compound resulting from this bond will dissolve in water but does not separate into ions. The covalent bond is also known as molecular bonds and the bonding happens between nonmetallic atoms with the same or nearly closer values of electronegativity. Electronegativity is nothing but a chemical property that explains the ability of an atom to attract shared electrons to it. An example of a covalent bond is molecule Hydrogen formed from two hydrogen atoms with one electron each in its outer shell. One more example of this bond is Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) also known as hydrogen halide. 7 electrons in the outer shell of chlorine and 1 electron in the outer shell of hydrogen make a perfect combination for making a stable molecule.
Relative Strengths Of Bonds — Overview & Comparison
We have seen the differences between the ionic bond and covalent bond and also understood that Salt is ionic and it dissolves in water and it has good conductivity but sand is a covalent bond it does not dissolve in water.
This is a guide to Ionic vs Covalent. Here we discuss the Ionic and Covalent key differences with infographics and comparison table. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
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Main Differences Between Ionic And Covalent Bonds
This website or its third-party tools use cookies, which are necessary to its functioning and required to achieve the purposes illustrated in the cookie policy. By closing this banner, scrolling this page, clicking a link or continuing to browse otherwise, you agree to our Privacy PolicyAtoms are all around you. You are even made of atoms. However, in order to make compounds, atoms must bond together. It’s like teamwork. However, not all chemical bonds are created equally, as you will see in the case of ionic vs. covalent bonds. Explore the difference between ionic and covalent bonds by looking at each different bond and how it forms.
Do you use table salt? If you don’t, you’ve definitely eaten it with a McDonald’s burger or fries. Table salt is created from an ionic bond. Ionic bonds form when two oppositely charged atoms (called ions) trade their electrons (negatively charged particles) to create a secure bond between the two. Most often, you’ll see this bond happen between a metal and nonmetal.
The positively charged sodium ion (Na+) will form a bond with the negatively charged chloride ion (Cl-) to create sodium chloride (NaCl) or as many call it, table salt. You might not have realized Paula Abdul's famous “Opposites Attract”
Similarities Between Ionic And Covalent Bonds
The key thing to remember in an ionic bond is that those electrons are traded to create balance between the two ions (hence the ionic bond). However, these bonds will dissociate into ions in water. This happens when you create saltwater.
Covalent bonds aren’t all about trading like their ionic counterparts. Rather, covalent bonds are created when atoms share their electrons. It’s kind of like kindergarteners sharing their playing cards on the playground. You both need it so rather than go without it, you share it instead. Covalent bonds happen between two nonmetals.
Hydrogen (H) has one electron in its outer shell, but it wants eight. Chlorine (Cl) has seven electrons in its outer shell, but it also wants eight. Since both are looking for eight, the two will hook up and share electrons to create hydrogen chloride (HCl). Just like the kindergarteners sharing their cards, these bonds are sharing their electrons, so both are happy.
Ionic, Covalent, And Metallic Bonds
Since covalent bonds are just sharing their stuff, they aren’t as solid of a bond as ionic bonds. You’ll also see these as a gas or liquid rather than a solid like ionic bonds. But while covalent bonds might be a little weaker than ionic bonds, they can form between the same elements. The more you know.
When you look at the different bonds, the difference between ionic and covalent bonds is clear to see. However, just in case it isn’t, check out a table to bring those differences to light.
Ionic and covalent bonds are fundamentally different in the way they are formed. One shares, and the other trades. However, by doing this, both bonds create elements that are neutrally charged making them stable compounds. Additionally, both bonds focus on the electrons. So, while they are different, ionic and covalent bonds have a few similarities.
Write 5 Points Of Difference Between Ionic And Covalent Compound
Atoms like to be stable, and that is a good thing. Why? Because you need chemical bonds to form to create matter. Otherwise, you have lots of atoms and that’s it. Two important chemical bonds are ionic and covalent bonds. Now that you know the difference between these two bonds, learn more about chemistry and compounds through of organic compounds.
The key thing to remember in an ionic bond is that those electrons are traded to create balance between the two ions (hence the ionic bond). However, these bonds will dissociate into ions in water. This happens when you create saltwater.
Covalent bonds aren’t all about trading like their ionic counterparts. Rather, covalent bonds are created when atoms share their electrons. It’s kind of like kindergarteners sharing their playing cards on the playground. You both need it so rather than go without it, you share it instead. Covalent bonds happen between two nonmetals.
Hydrogen (H) has one electron in its outer shell, but it wants eight. Chlorine (Cl) has seven electrons in its outer shell, but it also wants eight. Since both are looking for eight, the two will hook up and share electrons to create hydrogen chloride (HCl). Just like the kindergarteners sharing their cards, these bonds are sharing their electrons, so both are happy.
Ionic, Covalent, And Metallic Bonds
Since covalent bonds are just sharing their stuff, they aren’t as solid of a bond as ionic bonds. You’ll also see these as a gas or liquid rather than a solid like ionic bonds. But while covalent bonds might be a little weaker than ionic bonds, they can form between the same elements. The more you know.
When you look at the different bonds, the difference between ionic and covalent bonds is clear to see. However, just in case it isn’t, check out a table to bring those differences to light.
Ionic and covalent bonds are fundamentally different in the way they are formed. One shares, and the other trades. However, by doing this, both bonds create elements that are neutrally charged making them stable compounds. Additionally, both bonds focus on the electrons. So, while they are different, ionic and covalent bonds have a few similarities.
Write 5 Points Of Difference Between Ionic And Covalent Compound
Atoms like to be stable, and that is a good thing. Why? Because you need chemical bonds to form to create matter. Otherwise, you have lots of atoms and that’s it. Two important chemical bonds are ionic and covalent bonds. Now that you know the difference between these two bonds, learn more about chemistry and compounds through of organic compounds.
